Unlike most antioxidant molecules, ALA acts through extracellular and intracellular processes, making it one of the most researched antioxidants due to its remarkable health advantages [138]
Under-dilution creates overly concentrated solutions that may irritate injection sites
Among them, -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols are important components of anti-inflammatory diets, while collagen peptides, vitamin D, calcium, probiotics, glucosamine, chondroitin and hyaluronic acid are commonly used in clinical practice as important nutritional support treatments or preventive measures for OA to promote cartilage repair
Three experimental groups were established: group A (non-targeted ORI@Lipo), group B (targeted ORI@CPD-Lipo), and group C (ORI@CPD-Lipo plus CKAAKN peptide as a blocking group)